Neurofeedback

Definition: In neurofeedback, the participant’s brain activity is measured (e.g., with fNIRS fMRI or EEG), processed and fed back to the user in real time. In this way, selected features of brain activity are made perceptible to the participant. As a result, participants can learn to modify their brain activity depending on the feedback, and thus directly change specific neural correlates putatively underlying a specific behavior, function or symptom. Neurofeedback training can be implemented in an explicit (i.e. with specific task instructions) or in an implicit way. Neurofeedback has been applied in many clinical areas and is investigated for its potential in alleviating symptoms in a range of psychiatric and neurological diseases.

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References: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2016.164

https://doi.org/10.15412%2FJ.BCN.03070208

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2021.08.004

Related terms: Biofeedback, Brain Computer Interface, real-time