Noise
Definition: Noise is any unwanted component(s) of the signal that masks the signal aimed to be captured, and/or reduces the quality of the signal aimed to be captured. It could originate from different sources such as physiological sources (e.g., due to cardiac and respiratory activity), motion (e.g., due to head movement), environment (e.g., sunlight), hardware (e.g., due to fluctuations in the light sources), or even experimental design and modeling (e.g. from assumptions).
Alternative definition:
Synonym:
References: https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/55/13/009https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1967.5700
https://doi.org/10.1002/0470841621.ch2
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00724
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812785
Related terms: physiological noise, systemic noise, instrument noise, artifact, motion artifact, uncertainty, residuals