Refraction

Definition: Refraction is the change in direction of a wave beam, when it passes from one medium to another. This change in direction is due to a difference in the density of the media, which can cause a change in the speed of the waves in the beam. The ratio of the wave speed in the vacuum, c, and the speed of the wave in the medium, v, defines the refractive index of a medium, i.e., n = frac{c}{v}. The angle of refraction can be calculated using Snell’s law.

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References:

https://doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/26/5/022

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