Landmark

Definition: A landmark defines the location or a point defining an anatomical position on the human head. In the context of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a landmark refers to a specific, easily identifiable anatomical point on the human head. Landmarks such as the preauricular points, nasion, inion, and Cz are used to accurately position the optodes and align fNIRS data with other neuroimaging data or estimate which cortical areas are covered by an fNIRS channel in terms of spatial registration. This ensures consistent measurements across individuals and studies.

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References:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.025

https://github.com/fNIRS/snirf/blob/master/snirf_specification.md#nirsiprobelandmarkpos2d

Related terms: EEG 10-20 System, Spatial registration, 3D digitizer