Optical topography
Definition: Methods which produce two-dimensional (2D) images of a plane parallel to the sources and detectors with limited depth information. It refers to imaging a few centimeters of tissue (the separation between source and detector is generally cm). The typical application is imaging haemodynamic changes in the cortex of the brain, where we are interested in imaging a change in optical properties with a time course of a few seconds. Such systems generally employ continuous-wave instrumentation with laser diode sources modulated at a few kilohertz and lock-in detectors. Images are usually reconstructed using a linear approach and presented as a two-dimensional slice parallel to the plane of sources and detectors.
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References: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386456-7.07605-X
Related terms: Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Diffuse Optical Tomography